User Management

useradd useradd userName then run “passwd userName” to set the new users pw passwd passwd username will ask for the new pw twice

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File Permissions

Listing Permissions ls -al will display all files in a list with their owners and permissions -rw-r–r– 1 irq13 irq13 1006 Jan 24 10:16 .bashrc Now to break down the above example… -rw-r–r– is the permissions area. The first – would be d if the item is directory, otherwise it will be -. The second… Continue reading File Permissions

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Additional command operators

ps | grep ssh — only display lines that contain ssh ; used to “stack commands” or issue multiple commands on 1 line. cd ..; ls & puts a command in the background. Will let you know when the command is finished > write what is displayed on the screen from a given command to… Continue reading Additional command operators

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Basic commands

* whoami : displays current user * top : displays the top cpu/memory eaters and system load.. like task manager on windows * ps : displays all processes running.. ps aux is the most useful way to run it * wall “some text” : sends a broadcast message to all logged on users * man… Continue reading Basic commands

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File System

/ : root of the file system contains all devices and directory’s /root : the root users home directory /home : all other users home dirs reside in here /boot : All the kernels and boot specific info /tmp : temporary files are stored here, is commonly world writable so keep an eye on it… Continue reading File System

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Basics

I see most of the people searching for basics on linux and found much difficult to get it in short. I have gathered some from a wiki and will add to this section. This might help some of you guys 🙂

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Cannot install binary packages using pkg_addCannot install binary packages using pkg_add

Failure to install binary packages in older FreeBSD versions using “pkg_add -r”. Solution: Add these lines to /etc/csh.cshrc (/etc/profile if you are using bash or sh): [FreeBSD 4.x] setenv PACKAGESITE ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-4-stable/Latest/ setenv PACKAGELIST [FreeBSD 5.x] setenv PACKAGESITE ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-5-stable/Latest/ setenv PACKAGELIST

Installing qmHandle

qmHandle is a simple program which allows you to view and manage the qmail queue. Installation: wget http://jaist.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/qmhandle/qmhandle-1.3.2.tar.gz tar xvzf qmhandle-1.2.0.tar.gz chmod 777 qmHandle ./qmHandle –h That will show you how to use ./qmHandle Now, i am writing few tips how to use it. /root/qmHandle/ -s Messages in local queue: 0 Messages in remote queue:… Continue reading Installing qmHandle

OpenSSL Tricks

Create a strong CSR and private keyopenssl req -new -nodes -newkey rsa:2048 -out server.crt -keyout server.key   Parsing out the data within a certificateopenssl asn1parse -in server.crt Checking a certificate/key modulus to see if they correspondopenssl rsa -in server.key -modulus -noout | openssl md5openssl x509 -in server.crt -modulus -noout | openssl md5 Convert a key… Continue reading OpenSSL Tricks